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Some Americans complain about elementary schools because they think______.A．children are r

Some Americans complain about elementary schools because they think______.

A．children are reluctant to help each other

B．schools lay too much emphasis on cooperation

C．children should grow up with competitive ideas

D．schools give little actual instruction to children

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第1题

Although the colonists ______ to some extent with the native Americans, the Indians' influ

ence on American culture and language was not extensive.

A．migrated

B．matched

C．mingled

D．melted

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第2题

Which statement is not true about “Amercan Dream”？（)

A.It is about socialism and natoinal glory

B.It povdes freedom for Amerian citizens

C.It includes equal rights for immirants

D.It means a good and successful life for some Americans

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第3题

Some magazines such as Reader’s Digest, Lady’s Home Journal, etc.that _______American

s’ increasing leisure time and appetite for consumer goods have won the largest readership.

A.satisfied

B.catered to

C.motivated

D.created

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第4题

The history of the American people is,【C1】______, the history of the movement of the Ameri

can people. They moved from the colonies of the East Coast to the open space of the【C2】______They moved from the country and the farm to the city.【C3】______, Americans have been moving from the cities to the suburbs. Pioneer Americans began【C4】______from the East Coast to the West 250 years ago. They moved west for many reasons.【C5】______reason was that they could obtain【C6】______open space and land【C7】______fanning. Americans liked large open spaces, and they liked the freedom and independence to【C8】______the land in their own way. Some of the land became farms. Important minerals were discovered in some areas, so some of the land became【C9】______Other large areas became cattle ranches. There seemed to be enough land for everybody. But it was a difficult【C10】______of endless work and hardship.

【C1】

A．with part

B．of part

C．in part

D．on part

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第5题

Chinese-Americans today have higher incomes than Americans in general. One-fourth of all【3

6】Chinese-Americans are working in scientific and professional【37】. The Chinese have risen to this position【38】some of the harshest discrimination and violence【39】any immigrants in the history of this country. Today, 【40】of the Chinese prosperity (成功) is【41】the simple fact that they work harder and take【42】of educational opportunities.

Chinese-Americans have had three Noble【43】winners, all in physics. Many more have PhDs, especially from high【44】universities. Among academics, Asians publish more than【45】blacks or whites.

(36)

A．employed

B．employee

C．employer

D．employing

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第6题

About 70 million Americans are trying to lose weight. That is almost 1 out of every 3 peop

le in the United States. Some people go on diets. This means they eat less of certain foods, especially fats and sugars. Other people exercise with special equipment, take diet pills, or even have surgery. Losing weight is hard work, and it can also cost a lot of money. So why do so many people in the United States want to lose weight？

Many people in the United States worry about not looking young and attractive. For many people, looking good also means being thin. Other people worry about their health. Many doctors say being overweight is not healthy. But are Americans really fat？

Almost 30 million Americans weigh at least 20 percent more than their ideal weight. In fact, the United States is the most overweight country in the world. "The stored fat of adult Americans weighs 2. 3 trillion pounds," says University of Massachusetts anthropologist(人类学家) George Armelagos. He says burning off that stored energy would produce enough power for 900,000 cars to go 12,000 miles.

Losing weight is hard work, but most people want to find a fast and easy way to take off fat. Bookstores sell lots of diet books. These books tell readers how to lose weight. Each year, dozens of new books like these are written. Each one boasts to help people to get rid of fat.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way of losing weight？

A．To eat less fats and sugars.

B．To take much exercise.

C．To have surgery.

D．To work hard.

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第7题

Another cultural aspect of nonverbal communication is one that you might not think about:

space. Every person perceives himself to have a sort of invisible shield surrounding his physical body. When someone comes too close, he feels uncomfortable. When he bumps into someone, he feels obligated to apologize. But the size era person's "comfort zone" depends on his cultural origin. For example, in casual conversation, many Americans stand about four feet apart, hi other words, they like to keep each other "at arm's length". People in Latin or Arab cultures, in contrast, stand very close to each other, and touch each other often. (79) If someone from one of those cultures stands too close to an American while in conversation the American may feel uncomfortable and back away.

When Americans are talking, they expect others to respond to what they are saying. (80) To Americans, polite conversationalists empathize by displaying expressions of excitement or disgust shock or sadness. People with a "poker face", whose emotions are hidden by a deadpan expression, are looked upon with suspicion. Americans also indicate their attentiveness in a conversation by raising their eyebrows, nodding, smiling politely and maintaining good eye contact. Whereas some cultures view direct eye contact as impolite or threatening, Americans see it as a sign of genuineness and honesty. If a person doesn't look you in the eye, an American might say, you should question his motives or assume that he doesn't like you. Yet with all the concern for eye contact, Americans still consider staring—especially at strangers--to be rude.

The passage is mainly concerned with ______ .

A．classification of nonverbal communication

B．the reasons why people should think about space

C．the relationship between communication and space

D．cultural aspects of nonverbal communication

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第8题

Pain is a central component of end-of-life care, and nurses are in a prime positionto re

lieve pain and suffering throughout the dying process. But as the United Statescontinues to become more ethnically and culturally diverse, healthcare providers faceincreasing challenges as they care for patients with different cultural values.

Cultural competence is especially important in end-of-life care because culturalbeliefs, values and experiences shape each patients definition of a"good death.”

Cultural beliefs surrounding pain and death affect patients’ attitudes and preferences in end-of-life care. In some cultures, openly discussing death is inappropriate. Forexample, Cheng et al. conducted a survey of East Asian palliative care physicians. Seventypercent of participants from Taiwan reported that patents’ Family members were reluctantto discuss end of life. Fifty-six percent identified the cultural belief ”bad things happen after you say them out loud” as a reason family members avoid end-of-lifediscussion. Consequently, families may avoid discussing death to avoid bad luck or tempting fate.

Certain cultural groups may request that healthcare providers withhold disclosure of a terminal diagnosis to protect the patient. In some Asian cultures, these requests stemfrom a desire to preserve hope or to prevent emotional suffering in the dying patient.Healthcare providers must consider such beliefs before approaching patients with news of a poor prognosis.

These beliefs can be a significant barrier to the initiation of pain management at the end of life. Researchers have found that oncologists often cite family reluctance todiscuss end-of-life issues with patients as a major barrier to initiating pain managementin dying patients. Providers may misinterpret a reluctance to discuss impending death asa refusal of pain treatment.

Similarly, cultural beliefs about the origin, role, and meaning of pain can affect how a patient perceives pain. Many beliefs regarding pain stem from religion and spirituality.For example, some religious groups believe pain is a part of God's plan, a penance forsins or a test of faith. In contrast, other cultures ascribe positive meanings to pain. Forexample, some patients may believe in the mantra "No pain, no gain. "These patientsmay view pain as a sign of progress toward recovery. Chinese patients may believepain results from an imbalance between yin and yang, which has its roots in TaoismBuddhism and Confucianism.

Similarly cultural beliefs affect how patients express pain. Many cultures havenegative attitudes toward expressing pain outwardly. For example, Black American,Hispanic American, Asian American, and American Indian patents may be reluctant tocomplain of pain due to strong cultural beliefs in stoicism. As a result, these patients mayprefer to keep a neutral face and avoid grimacing, crying or moaning, even if their pain issevere Stoic pain behavior. can lead to inaccurate pain assessments if nurses interpret the lack of observable cues such as facial expression, body posture, crying or moaning as theabsence of pain.

In addition. cultural beliefs may affect self-report of Pain. A study of cancer painexperience found that Asian Americans reported significantly lower pain scores thanBlack Americans, Hispanic Americans and non-hispanic White Americans. Interestingly,there were no differences in severity of symptoms associated with cancer pain, such aslack of energy, shortness of breath or difficulty in sleeping. Asian Americans may believe that they should endure pain bravely to serve as a role model for others or to improve their standing in life after death.In this cultural groups, decreased pain expression may lead providers to assume the absence of pain,causing under or non-treatment of symptoms.

46、What bring healthcare providers including nurses in the US increasing challenges？

A.Different definitions of a“ good death”

B.Diverse cultures from different ethnic groups

C.End-of-life pain care and management.

D.Patients with similar cultural values

47、According to the survey, why were some family members in Taiwan reluctant to discuss end of life？

A.They wanted to avoid bad luck or tempting fate

B.They were too sad to have end-of-life discussion

C.They believed the disease could be cured completely.

D.They trusted the palliative care physicians

48、What does the word "prognosis"(in the 3rd sentence of the 4th paragraph)probably mean？

A.Signs or symptoms of a disease

B.Identifying the cause of some disease

C.A prediction of the course of a disease

D.Doctor's order and prescription

49、Which of the following statements is not true？

A.Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism influence Chinese patients' view of pain

B.Different cultural beliefs are no huge barriers to end-of-life pain management

C.In some Asian cultures, openly discussing death is not welcomed

D.People with dissimilar cultural beliefs understand pain in different ways

50、How do some religious groups perceive pain？

A.Pain tests a person's faith in God

B.Pain is a penance for sins

C.All of the above

D.Pain is a part of god's plan

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第9题

The American definition of success is largely one of acquiring wealth and a high material

standard of living. It is not surprising, 【26】______ , that Americans have valued education for its monetary value. The belief is widespread in the United States 【27】______ the more schooling people have, the more money they will 【28】______ when they leave school. The belief is strongest 【29】______ the desirability of an undergraduate university degree, or a 【30】______ degree such as medicine or law 【31】______ the undergraduate degree. The money value of graduate degrees in 【32】______ such as art, history, or philosophy is not 【33】______ great.

This belief in the monetary value of education is 【34】______ by research outcomes on income. Ben Wattenberg, a social scientist, estimates that in the 【35】______ of a lifetime a man 【36】______ a college school diploma in 1972 could earn about $380,000 more than a man who 【37】______ had a high school diploma. Perhaps this helps to explain survey 【38】______ which showed that Americans who 【39】______ they had lived their lives differently in some way regretted 【40】______ of all that they did not get more education. The regret is 【41】______ by those who have made 【42】______ to the top and by those who have not. 【43】______ a man like Douglas Fraser, the president of the United Auto Workers Union, a nationally known and successful leader, was 【44】______ by regrets that he did not climb higher on the 【45】______ ladder.

【26】

A．however

B．therefore

C．moreover

D．though

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第10题

During the traditional wedding ceremony, the【C1】______couple promise each other lifelong d

evotion. Yet, about one out of four American marriages ends in divorce. Since 1940, the divorce rate has more than doubled, and experts predict that, of all marriages that【C2】______in the 2000s, about 50% will end in divorce. The U.S. has one of the highest divorce rates in the world, perhaps【C3】______the highest. What goes wrong？ The fact that divorce is so【C4】______in the United States does not mean that Americans consider marriage a casual, unimportant【C5】______. Just the opposite is【C6】______. Americans expect a great【C7】______from marriage. They seek physical, emotional, and intellectual compatibility. They want to be deeply loved and【C8】______. It is because Americans expect so much from marriage that so many get divorced. They prefer no marriage at all to a marriage without love and understanding. With typical American optimism, they end one marriage【C9】______that the next will be happier.【C10】______no-fault divorce laws in many states, it is easier than before to get a divorce. Some American women,【C11】______in unhappy marriages because they dont have the education or job【C12】______to support themselves and their children. But most American women believe that, if【C13】______, they can make it alone without a husband. When a couple gets divorced, the court may【C14】______the man to pay his former wife a monthly sum of money called alimony. The amount of alimony【C15】______on the husbands income, the wifes needs and the【C16】______of the marriage. 【C17】______, the court decides that a woman should pay her husband alimony. About 10% of American women【C18】______their husbands. The court may decide that she must continue to【C19】______him after the divorce. This is a rather new【C20】______in the United States.

【C1】

A．devoted

B．loving

C．beloved

D．bridal

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