The price are rising __ they expected.
A.highly than
B.much higher than
C.more higher than
D.as highly
A.highly than
B.much higher than
C.more higher than
D.as highly
A.LIFO
B.FIFO
C.AVerage
D.Periodic
high speed.For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford.For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates(利率)and increasing taxes on real estate(房产税)etc.Presently, these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities.
Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live on a fixed income are hurt the【C6】______ .Retired people, for instance, cannot【C7】______ on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not, work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to【C8】______ their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income【C9】______ any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to【C10】______ rising prices. In many cases they must stop【C11】______ some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even【C12】______ working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem. The【C13】______ of living goes up, too. People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep【C14】______ with rising prices, the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same amount of money, but they are not living【C15】______ because they are not able to buy as many goods and services.
Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes 【C16】______ the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a【C17】______ year as the base. The base price is set 【C18】______ 100, and the other prices are reported as a【C19】______ of the base price. A price index makes【C20】______ possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods, for example, with prices of the same goods in previous years.
【C1】
A.spending
B.demanding
C.consuming
D.saving
A scientist who wants to predict the way in which consumers(消费者) will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on the resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.
If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow most—people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or 'decreasing incomes—he would probably answer, those with decreasing incomes. Actually, in the years 1947~1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with decreasing incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions(假设) about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up they will hasten to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. "In a few months", she said, "we'll have to pay more for meat and milk; we'll have less to spend on other things". Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be disliked and buyers' resistance may be produced. This is shown by the following typical comment; "I just don't pay these prices; they are too high".
The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America; condition most helpful to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are reasonable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology(心理学).
According to the passage, if one wants to predict the way people spend their money, he should______.
A.rely on traditional assumptions about earning and spending
B.try to encourage or discourage consumers to spend money
C.carry out investigations on consumer behavior. and get data of consumers incomes and money spending motives
D.do researches in consumer psychology in a laboratory
l indicator. Inflation is a period of increased 【C1】() that causes rapid rises in prices. 【C2】() . your money buys fewer goods so that you get 【C3】() for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise 【C4】() the price of goods and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as a 【C5】() when "a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore." Inflation is a problem for all consumers.
People who live on a fixed income are hurt the 【C6】() . Retired people, for instance, can not 【C7】() on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to 【C8】() their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income 【C9】() any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to 【C10】() rising prices. In many cases they must stop 【C11】() some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even 【C12】() working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem. The 【C13】() of living goes up, too. People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep 【C14】() with rising prices, the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same amount of money, but they are not living 【C15】() because they are not able to buy as many goods and services. Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes 【C16】() the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a 【C17】() year as the base. The base price is set 【C18】() 100, and the other prices are reported as a 【C19】() of the base price. A price index makes 【C20】() possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods, for example, with prices of the same goods in previous years.
1. A. spending B. demanding C. consuming D. saving
2. A. Because B. While C.Since D. When
3. A. much B. little C. more D. less
4. A. in B. on C. at D. to
5. A. chance B. time C. moment D. occasion
6. A. best B. least C. most D. worst
7. A. rely B. rest C. depend D. count
8. A. meet B. obtain C. care D. acquire
9. A. or B. and C. excluding D. including
10. A. live up to B. catch up on C. put up with D. keep up with
11. A. to buy B. buying C. having bought D. from buying
12. A. from B. to C. of D. if
13. A. price B. level C. cost D. limit
14. A. race B. pace C. speed D. step
15. A. as usual B. as well C. as before D. as such
16. A. in which B. from which C. of which D. by which
17. A. last B. given C. fixed D. definite
18. A. on B. by C. at D. against
19. A. portion B. percentage C. proportion D. fraction
20. A. it B. us C. one D. you
【C1】
A.decreases
B.reductions
C.increases
D.additions
我们在例2.8讨论了近几年铜的全球需求的增加,部分归因于中国不断上升的消费。
(1)利用初始的需求弹性和供给弹性(诸如,ES=1.5且ED=-0.5),计算铜的需求增加20%对铜价的影响。
(2)计算该需求增加对均衡产量Q的影响。
(3)正如我们在例2.8中讨论的,美国铜产量在2000~2003年下降了。计算铜的需求增加20%(在1部分你做的)且铜的供给下降20 %对均衡价格和产量的影响。
In Example2. 8 (page 52), we discussed the recent increase in world demand for copper, due in part to China ' s rising consumption.
a. Using the original elasticities of demand and supply (i.e. Es=1.5 and ED=-0.5), calculate the effect of a 20 - percent increase in copper demand on the price of copper.
b. Now ealeulate the effect of this increase in demand on the equilibrium quantity, Q°.
c. As we discussed in Example 2. 8, the U. S. production of copper declined between 2000 and 2003. Calculate the effect on the equilibrium price and quantity of both a 20 - percent increase in copper demand (as you just did in part a) and of a 20 - percent decline in copper supply.
The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests in North America is now being followed by a third. Most of Britain's overseas suppliers of meat, too, are offering more this year and home production has also risen.
But the effect of all this on the food situation in this country has been made worse by a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food. The shops are overstocked with food net only because there is more food available, but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it.
Moreover, the rise in domestic prices has come at a time when world prices have begun to fall, with the result that imported food, with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than the home-produced variety. And now grain prices, too, are falling. Consumers are beginning to ask why they should not be enabled to benefit from this trend.
The significance of these developments is not lost on farmers. The older generations have seen it all happen before. Despite the present price and market guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinking home market. Present production is running at 51 per cent above pre-war levels, and the government has called for an expansion to 60 per cent by 1956; but repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion program is not working very well.
Why is there "wide-spread uneasiness and confusion" about the food situation in Britain?
A.Despite the abundance, food prices keep rising.
B.The abundant food supply is not expected to last.
C.Britain will cut back on its production of food.
D.Britain is importing less food.
Bosses Say "Yes" to Home Work
Rising costs of office space, time lost to stressful commuting, and a slow recognition that workers have lives beyond the office—all are strong arguments for letting staff work from home.
For the small business, there are additional benefits too—staff are more productive, and happier, enabling firms to keep their headcounts(员工数) and their recruitment costs to a minimum. It can also provide a competitive advantage, especially when small businesses want to attract new staff but don't have the budget to offer huge salaries.
While company managers have known about the benefits for a long time, many have done little about it, skeptical of whether they could trust their employees to work to full capacity without supervision, or concerned about the additional expenses teleworking policies might incur as staff start charging their home phone bills to the business.
Yet this is now changing. When communications provider Inter-Tel researched the use of remote working solutions among small- and medium-sized UK businesses in April this year, it found that 28% more companies claimed to have introduced flexible working practices than a year ago.
The UK network of Business Links confirms that it too has seen a growing interest in remote working solutions from small businesses seeking its advice, and claims that as many as 60—70% of the businesses that come through its doors now offer some form. of remote working support to their workforces.
Technology advances, including the widespread availability of broadband, are making the introduction of remote working a piece of cake.
"If systems are set up properly, staff can have access to all the resources they have in the office wherever they have an internet connection", says Andy Poulton, e-business advisor at Business Link for Berkshire and Wiltshire. "There are some very exciting developments which have enabled this".
One is the availability of broadband, which now covers almost all of the country (BT claims that, by July, 99. 8% of its exchanges will be broadband enabled, with alternative plans in place for even the most remote exchanges). "This is the enabler", Poulton says.
Yet while broadband has come down in price too, those service providers targeting the business market warn against consumer services masquerading(伪装) as business-friendly broadband.
"Broadband is available for as little as £l5 a month, but many businesses fail to appreciate the hidden costs of such a service", says Neil Stephenson, sales and marketing director at Onyx Internet, an internet service provider based in the north-east of England. "Providers offering broadband for rock-bottom prices are notorious for poor service, with regular breakdowns and heavily congested(拥堵的) networks. It is always advisable for businesses to look beyond the price tag and look for a business-only provider that can offer more reliability, with good support". Such services needn't cost too much—quality services can be found for upwards of £30 a month.
The benefits of broadband to the occasional home worker are that they can access email in real time, and take full advantage of services such as internet-based backup or even internet-based phone services.
Internet-based telecoms, or VoIP (Voice over IP) to give it its technical title, is an interesting tool to any business supporting remote working. Not necessarily because of the promise of free or reduced price phone calls (which experts point out is misleading for the average business), but because of the sophisticated voice services that can be exploited by the remote worker—facilities such as voicemail and call forwarding, which provide a continuity of the company-image for customers and business; partners.
By law, companies must "consider seriously" requests to work flexibl
A.How business managers view hi-tech.
B.Benefits of the practice of teleworking.
C.How to cut down the costs of small businesses.
D.Relations between employers and employees.
A、Instead of
B、Besides
C、For