1983年里根执政时，推行"实物支付计划"。以小麦市场为例，考察该计划如何奏效。（1)假设
1983年里根执政时，推行"实物支付计划"。以小麦市场为例，考察该计划如何奏效。
(1)假设需求函数为QD=28-2P，供给函数为QS=4+4P。P是小麦的价格，单位为美元/蒲式耳，Q是产量，单位为10亿蒲式耳，试求出自由市场均衡价格和产量。
(2)假设政府向农民支付小麦，鼓励农民将部分土地退耕，使供给减少自由市场均衡量产量的25%。用于支付的小麦来源于政府储备，数量等于退耕土地的收获量。农民可在市场上自由出售这些小麦。问农民的产量为多少？政府间接供应市场多少小麦？新的市场价格是多少？农民获益多少？消费者得益还是受损？
(3)如果政府不把小麦返送给农民，小麦将积压或变质。纳税人从该计划中受益吗？该计划存在什么潜在问题？
In 1983, the Reagan Administration introduced a new agricultural program called the Payment-in-Kind Program. To see how the program worked, let' s consider the wheat market.
a. Suppose the demand function is QD=28-2P and the supply function is QS=4+4P, where P is the price of wheat in dollars per bushel and Q is the quantity in billions of bushels. Find the free-market equilibrium price and quantity.
b. Now suppose the government wants to lower the supply of wheat by 25 percent from the free-market equilibrium by paying farmers to withdraw land from production. However, the payment is made in wheat rather than in dollars- hence the name of the program. The wheal comes from the government ' s vast reserves that resulted from previous price support programs. The amount of wheal paid is equal to the amount that could have been harvested on the land withdrawn from production. Farmers. are free to sell this wheat on the market. How much is now produced by farmers？ How much is indirectly supplied to the market by the government？ What is the new market price？ How much do the farmers gain？ Do consumers gain or lose？
c. Had the government not given the wheat back to the farmers, it would have stored or destroyed i. Do taxpayers gain from the program？ What potential problems does the program create？
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