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Questions are based on the following passage．In fact， even without humans， the Earth"s cl

Questions are based on the following passage．

In fact， even without humans， the Earth"s climate changes．Some climate change is（36）But，as greenhouse gases are added to the atmosphere， human influence "emerges" from natural variability．Droughts， one of the most Intensely studied climate events， are a perfect example of an（37）with both natural and human influences．Separating the（38）strengths of the influences is a challengefor scientists．However， with the large social and economic costs of droughts， it is a challenge thescientists must（39）.

In a very recent study published in the Journal of Climate， authors Richard Seager and MartinHoerling cleverly used climate models forced by sea surface temperatures to（40）how much of thepast century"s North American droughts have been caused by ocean temperatures， natural variability and human influences．

Droughts can be caused by a （n）（41）of separate or interactional phenomena．At its root，drought results from the low（42）of water falling and sometimes higher temperatures （which increaseevaporation rates）．The beginning of drought can often be linked to variations in ocean temperatures．

It is also found that the oceans can affect the atmosphere to create conditions that are（43）responsible for drought．What"s more， temperature increases（44）withhuman-driven global warmingalso play a role．This（45）agrees with other researchers who have shown that， while human-emittedgreenhouse gas warming may not cause a particular drought， it can make drought come on earlier，faster， and harder than it otherwise would．

A．associated

B．attached

C．conclusion

D．conduct

E．distinguish

F．effect

G．natural

H．Partly

I．Quality

J．Quantity

K．Relative

L．Ridiculous

M．Simply

N．Undertake

O．variety

第（36）题应填__________ 查看材料

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更多“Questions are based on the fol…”相关的问题

第1题

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard。A.The International Lab

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard。

A.The International Labor Organization’s key objective。

B.The basic social protection for the most vulnerable。

C.Rising unemployment worldwide。

D.Global economic recovery。

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第2题

Questions are based on the following passage． Children do not think the way adults do．For

Questions are based on the following passage．

Children do not think the way adults do．For most of the first year of life， if something is out of sight， it"s out of mind．If you cover a baby"s（36）toy with a piece of cloth， the baby thinks the toyhas disappeared and stops looking for it．A 4-year-old may（37）that a sister has more fruit juicewhen it is only the shapes of the glasses that differ， not the（38）of juice．

Yet children are smart in their own way．Like good little scientists， children are always testing their child-sized（39）about how things work．When your child throws her spoon on the floor for the sixth time as you try to feed her， and you say， "That"s enough! I will not pick up your spoon again!"

the child will（40）test your claim．Are you serious？ Are you angry？ What will happen if she throws the spoon again？ She is not doing this to drive you（41）; rather， she is learning that her desires and yours can differ， and that sometimes those（42 ）are important and sometimes they are not．

How and why does children"s thinking change？ In the 1920s， Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget proposed that children"s cognitive （认知的） abilities unfold（43）， like the blooming of a flower，almost independent of what else is（44）in their lives．Although many of his specific conclusions havebeen（45）or modified over the years， his ideas inspired thousands of studies by investigators all over the world．

A．advocate

B．amount

C．confirmed

D．crazy

E．definite

F．differences

G．favorite

H．happening

I．Immediately

J．Naturally

K．Obtaining

L．Primarily

M．Protest

N．Rejected

O．Theories

第（36）题

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第3题

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.One in six. Believe it or not, that’

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

One in six. Believe it or not, that’s the number of Americans who struggle with hunger.

To make tomorrow a little better, Feeding America, the nation’s largest 36 hunger-

relief organization, has chosen September as Hunger Action Month. As part of its 30 Ways in

30 Days program, it’s asking 37 across the country to help the more than 200 food

banks and 61,000 agencies in its network provide low-income individuals and families with

the fuel they need to 38 .

It’s the kind of work that’s done every day at St. Andrew’s Episcopal Church in San

Antonio. People who 39 at its front door on the first and third Thursdays of each

month aren’t looking for God – they’re there for something to eat. St. Andrew’s runs a

food pantry (食品室)that 40 the city and several of the 41 towns. Janet Drane

is its manager.

In the wake of the 42 , the number of families in need of food assistance began to

grow. It is 43 that 49 million Americans are unsure of where they will find their next

meal. What’s most surprising is that 36% of them live in 44 where at least one adult

is working. “It used to be that one job was all you needed,” says St. Andrew’s Drane. “

The people we see now have three or four part-time jobs and they’re still right on the

edge 45 .” 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。

A．accumulate I．households

B．circling J．recession

C．communities K．reported

D．competition L．reviewed

E．domestic M．serves

F．financially N．surrounding

G．formally O．survive

H．gather

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第4题

Questions are based on the following passage． According to a report from the Harvard Schoo

Questions are based on the following passage．

According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health， many everyday products， including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids， could lead to an increased risk of brain and behavioral disorders in children．The developing brain， the report says， is particularly （36） to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain， and the damage they cause can be （37）．

The official policy， however， is still evolving．Health and environmental （38） have long urged U．S．government agencies to （39） the use of some of the 11 chemicals the report cites and called for more studies on their long-term effects．In 2001， for example， the Environmental Protection Agency（40）the type and amount of lead that could be present in paint and soil in homes and child-care （41）， after concerns were raised about lead poisoning．The agency is now （42）the toxic effects of some of the chemicals in the latest report．

But the threshold for regulation is high．Because children"s brain and behavioral disorders， like hyperactivity and lower grades， can also be linked to social and genetic factors， it"s tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid （43）evidence， which is what the EPA requires．Even the Harvard study did not prove a direct（44）but noted strong associations between exposure and risk of behavioral issues．

Nonetheless， it"s smart to（45）caution．While it may be impossible to prevent kids from drinking tap water that may contain trace amounts of chemicals， keeping kids away from lawns recently sprayed with chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothes can"t hurt．

A．advocates

B．compact

C．correlation

D．exercise

E．facilities

F．interaction

G．investigating

H．overwhelmed

I．particles

J．permanent

K．restricted

L．simulating

M．statistical

N．tighten

O．vulnerable

第（36）题选

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第5题

Questions are based on the following passage．He was a qualified doctor who rarely practice

Questions are based on the following passage．

He was a qualified doctor who rarely practiced but instead devoted his life to writing．He once said: "Medicine is my lawful wife, and literature is my lover．" Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was a great playwright and one of the masters of the modem short story．

(77) When Chekhov entered the Moscow University Medical School in 1879, he started to publish hundreds of comic short stories to support his family． After he graduated, he wrote regularly for a local daily newspaper．

As a writer he was extremely fast, often producing a short story in an hour or less． Chekhov&39;s medical and science experience can be seen through the indifference（冷漠) many of his characters show to tragic events． In 1892, he became a full time writer and published some of his most memorable stories．

Chekhov often wrote about the sufferings of life in small town Russia． Tragic events control his characters who are filled with feelings of hopelessness and despair．

It is often said that nothing happens in Chekhov&39;s stories and plays． He made up for this with his exciting technique for developing drama within his characters． (78) Chekhov&39;s work combined the calm attitude of a scientist and doctor with the sensitivity(敏感）of an artist．

Some of Chekhov&39;s works were translated into Chinese as early as the 1940s． One of his famous stories, The Man in a Shell (装在套子里的人), about a school teacher&39;s extraordinarily orderly life, was selected as a text for Chinese senior students．

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov__________ 查看材料

A.had a lawful lover

B.was an illegal writer

C.used to be a lawyer

D.was a competent doctor

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第6题

Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: How men first learned

Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters we call words.

The power of words, then, lies in their combinations — the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.

Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and feelings. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary (文字的) style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and rude.

第6题：The origin of language ________.

A. is reflected in sounds and letters B. is handed down from generation to generation C. dates back to the prehistoric period D. is a problem not yet solved

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第7题

Questions are based on the following passage．For years， high school students have received

Questions are based on the following passage．

For years， high school students have received identical textbooks as their classmates．Even asstudents have different learning styles and abilities， they are force-fed the same materials．"Imagine adigital textbook where because I"m adifferent person and learn differently， my book is different thanyour book，" said Richard Baraniuk， founder of OpenStax．

OpenStax will spend two years developing the personalized books and then test them on Houston-area students．The books will also go through a review and evaluation process similar to traditionaltextbooks．Baranluk expects 60 people to review each book before publication to ensure its quality．The idea is to make learning easier， so students can go on to more successful careers and lives．

Baraniuk isn"t just reproducing physical textbooks on digital devices， a mistake e-book publishers havemade．He"s seriously rethinking that the educational experience should be in a world of digital tools．Todo this means involving individuals with skills traditionally left out of the textbook business．Baraniuk iscurrently hiring cognitive scientists and machine learning experts．Baraniuk wants to use the tactics of Google， Netfllx and Amazon to deliver a personalized experience．These Web services all rely oncomplex algorithms （算法） to automatically adjust their offerings for customers．Just as Netlix recommends different movies based on your preferences and viewing history， a textbook might present materials at a different pace．The textbook——which will be stored on a range of digital devices——will automatically adjust itself thanks to machine learning．As a student learns about a topic， he or she could be interrupted by brief quizzes that evaluate， whether he or she masters the area．Depending on how the student does， the subject could be reinforce~l with more material．Or a teacher could be automatically e-mailed that the student is struggling with a certain concept and could use some one-on-one attention．This personalized learning experience is possible thanks to the wealth of data a digital textbook cantrack．This data can be used to better track students" progress during a course．Parents and teacherscan monitor a student"s development and provide in time more proper assistm ce．With personalizedlearning methods， our students" talents will be better developed．

What do we learn about personalized books？查看材料

A.Their quality will be ensured since they are developed by OpenStax．

B.They will be examined and judged before being published．

C.They will overlook different learning styles and abilities．

D.They will be much similar to traditional textbooks．

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第8题

Questions （1）to（5） are based on the following passage:What makes a person a scientist？

Questions （1）to（5） are based on the following passage:

What makes a person a scientist？ Does he have ways ---or tools ---of learning that are different from those of others？ The answer is no. It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power saw is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigate, how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further: he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his question and that his answer can be confirmed by other persons. He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works

The scientist’s knowledge must be exact. There is no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the condition permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time mustwork under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different, any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason that investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy of his mathematics was latter tested through investigation. Einstein’s ideas were shown to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurement. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.

（1）A sound scientific theory should be one that .

A) works under one set of conditions at one time and also works under the same conditions at other times

B) leaves no room for improvement

C) does not allow any change even under different conditions

D) can be used for many purposes

（2）What, according to the passage, makes a scientist？

A) The tools he uses.

B) His ways of learning.

C) The way he uses his tools.

D) The various tools he uses.

（3） Albert Einstein built up his theory of relativity through .

A) investigation

B) experiments

C) tests

D) mathematics

（4）“…Knowing how to investigate, how to discover information, is important to everyone.” The author says this to show .

A) the importance of information

B) the importance of thinking

C) the difference between scientists and ordinary people

D) the difference between carpenters and ordinary people

（5） What is the main idea of the passage？

A) Scientists are different from ordinary people.

B) The theory of relativity.

C) Exactness is the core of science.

D) Exactness and way of using tools are the key to the making of a scientist.

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第9题

Questions are based on the following passage．Today， the poor aren "t just more likely to g

Questions are based on the following passage．

Today， the poor aren "t just more likely to get divorced. They"re more likely to avoidmarriage entirely.

Earlier today， my colleague Derek Thompson argued that; it"s misleading to thinkof marriage as a "luxury good". Why？ Because luxury goods are something the rich buyand the poor can"t afford. But in the case of marriage the trend is more complex. The vastmajority of Americans tie the knot at some point in their lives， he argues. It"s just thatthose without a college education are far， far more likely to get divorced. Marriage is foreveryone; failed marriages are for the poor.

Bleak stuff. But it"s getting bleaker.

Derek"s post is based on a long-term study of young Baby Boomers， who were atleast 46 years old by 2010. But among younger Americans， marriage really is lookingmore and more like something you"d have to buy at Tiffany"s. According to 2012 CensusBureau report， which shows the percentage of men who have never married by age andincome， the less a guy earns nowadays， the less likely they are to have ever gotten married.

Well， that"s not 100 percent true. Among twenty-somethings there seems to be arich bachelor effect going on （or an overworked young professional effect， if you prefer）.

Those making $75，000 or more are somewhat less likely to have been married than thosemaking between $40，000 and $75，000.

This particular set of Census data unfortunately tells us much less about women andmarriage. The problem: Stay-at-home morns.

The key to remember， though， is that many educated， high-earuing women， the sortswho are likely to meet and marry educated and high-earning men， leave the workforce orgo part time once they have children. So a publicist who once made over $70，000 a yearmight only earn $20，000 if she decided to work fewer hours while caring for her childrenat home.

Here"s why this trend——not just the move towards divorce like Derek talked about，but the move from nuptials （婚礼） entirely——is so gloomy. Getting married， and stayingmarried， is one of the surest ways of securing a middle class life. By choosing not to wedin the first place， the poor are abandoning that chance at stability.

Why doesn‘t Derek Thompson think that marriage is a luxury good？查看材料

A.Because not everyone will get married eventually.

B.Because only rich people can afford to get married.

C.Because most people will get married regardless of their financial state.

D.Because lots of people can"t afford an expensive nuptial.

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第10题

Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. Yoga induces a feeling

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Yoga induces a feeling of well-being in healthy people, and can reverse the clinical and biochemical changes associated with metabolic syndrome, according to results of studies from Sweden and India. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of heart disease risk factors such as high blood pressure, obesity and high blood sugar.

Dr. R.P. Agrawal, of the SP Medical College, Bikaner, India, and colleagues evaluated the beneficial effects of yoga and meditation in 101 adults with features of metabolic syndrome. In the study, 55 adults received three months of regular yoga including standard postures and Raja Yoga,while the remaining received standard care.

Waist circumference, blood pressure, blood sugar, and triglyceri HDL cholesterol levels were higher in the yoga group as compared joumal Diabetes REsearch and Clinicat Practice.

In the second study, published online December 19 in BioMed Central Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Dr. Anette Kjellgren from the University of Karlstad, Sweden and colleagues evaluated the beneficial effects of yoga-like breathing exercises on healthy volunteers.

55 adults were advised to practice "Sudarshan Kriya," which involves cycles of slow, normal and rapid breathing exercises. The exercises were practiced for an hour daily, six days a week for six weeks, while 48 controls were advised to relax in an armchair for I 5 minutes daily.

At the end of the study period, feelings of anxiety, stress and depression were significantly lower and levels of optimism significantly higher in the yoga group compared to the control group, Kjellgren and colleagues report.

Yoga induces a "relaxation response" associated with reduced nervous system activity and a feeling of well-being probably due to an increase in antioxidants(抗氧化剂) and lower levels of the stress hormone cortisol(应激激素皮质醇 ), they suggest.

Yoga not only helps in prevention of lifestyle. diseases, but can also be "a powerful adjunct therapy when these diseases anse,” co-investigator Dr. Faahri Saatiglou, from the University of Oslo, told Reuters Health. "We do not emphasize this point enough in our Westem health care."

The studies of yoga from Sweden and India have shown that __

A. yoga will make patients recover more quickly

B. yoga can cure cancer gradually

C. yoga will lead the state of being healthy

D. yoga can keep people optimistic

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第11题

Questions are based on the following passage．Knowing that you are paid less than your pee

Questions are based on the following passage．

Knowing that you are paid less than your peers has two effects on happiness．One is negative: athinner pay packet hurts self-esteem （自尊）．The other is called the "tunnel" effect: the income gap isseen as improving your own chances of similar riches．

A paper co-authored by Felix FitzRoy of the University of St．Andrews separates the two effectsusing data from household surveys in Germany．Previous work showed that the income of others canhave a small， or even positive， overall effect on employees" satisfaction in individual finns in Denmarkor in very dynamic economies， such as Eastern Europe．But Mr．FitzRoy"s tean~ proposed that olderworkers， who largely know their lifetime incomes already， will enjoy a much smaller tunnel effect．Thenegative effect on reported levels of happiness of being paid less than your peers is not visible for peopleaged under 45．In western Germany， seeing peers" incomes rising actually makes young people happier．It is only those people over 45， when careers have "reached a stable position"， whose happiness is harmed by the success of others．

The prospect of more than 20 years of hard work might make retirement seem more attractive．Those with jobs are no happier after they retire， however， perhaps because their lives already agree with social expectations．Unemployment is known to damage happiness because not working falls shortof social expectations．Pensions or increased leisure time cannot make up for the loss of social acceptance．Unemployed people are dissatisfied with their life not only because they have lowerincomes， but also because they may get low and negative recognition from others．

Indeed， retiring early from work can have side-effects．Another paper， co-authored by AndreasKuhn of the University of Zurich， investigates the effect of a change in Austrian employment-insurancerules that allow blue-collar workers earlier retirement in some regions than others．Men retiring a yearearly lower their chance of surviving to age 67 by 13%．Almost a third of this higher death rate seemed

to be concentrated among those who were forced into early retirement by job loss．The death wascaused by smoking and alcohol consumption．If you"re in a job， even when you are paid less， hang on in there．

One of the effects of lower pay than your peers‘ is that（）．

A.it can motivate you to struggle for a similar salary

B.it can inspire you to argue with your manager

C.it may make you feel proud of your peers

D.it may force you to quit your current work

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