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Section A
According to a new school of scientists, technology has been overlooked as a force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge.【51】Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius but by more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.【52】" In short, " a leader of the new school contends "the scientific revolution, as we call it, has been largely caused by the improvement, invention and use of a series of instruments that have expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.
【53】Over the years, tools, and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, and Einstein, and inventors such as Edison, attached great importance to and derived great benefit from, crafty information and technological devices of different kinds that were used in scientific experiments.
The centerpiece of the argument for technology was an analysis of Galileo’s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motion.【54】Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, were improvements in the machinery used for making eye-glasses.
Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute.【55】Whether governments should increase financing for pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which of the two is seen as the driving force.
(51)
The question is: what is science fiction？ And the answer must be, unfortunately, that there have been few attempts to consider this question at any length or with much seriousness; it may well be that science fiction will resist any comprehensive definition of its characteristics. To say this, however, does not mean that there are no ways of defining it nor that various facets of its totality cannot be clarified. To Begin, the following definition should be helpful: science fiction is a literary sub-genre which postulates a change (for human beings) from conditions as we know them and follows the implications of these changes to a conclusion. Although this definition will necessarily be modified and expanded, and probably changed, in the course of this exploration, it covers much of the basic groundwork and provides a point of departure.
The first point ——that science fiction is a literary sub-genre ——is a very important one, but one which is often overlooked or ignored in most discussions of science fiction. Specifically, science fiction is either a short story or a novel. There are only a few dramas which could be called science fiction, with Karel Capek's RUR (Rossum's Universal Robots) being the only one that is well known; the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly larger. To say that science fiction is a sub-genre of prose fiction is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves the same basic functions in much the same way as prose fiction in general ——that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.
Everything that can be said about prose fiction, in general applies to science fiction. Every piece of science fiction, whether short story or novel, must have a narrator, a story, a plot, a setting, character, language, and theme. And like any prose, the themes of science fiction are concerned with interpreting man's nature and experience in relation to the world around him. Themes in science fiction are constructed and presented in exactly the same ways that themes are dealt with in any other kind of fiction. They are the result of a particular combination of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language. In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction, and the ways of studying and analyzing it, are basically the same as they would be for any other story or novel.
Science fiction is called a literary sub-genre because ______.
A．it is not important enough to be a literary genre
B．it cannot be made into a dramatic presentation
C．it shares characteristics with other types of prose fiction
D．to call it a "genre" would subject it to literary jargon
1.What is the article mainly about？____
A、Asimov and his works.
B、Asimov and Hollywood filmmakers.
C、Asimov and American show business.
D、The popularity of Ashuov's works.
2.Paragraph 3 mainly talks about____.
A、the agreements between Asimov's wife and the Hollywood producers
B、the films that will be shot on Asimov's works
C、the producers that will shoot the films
D、the works flint will be adapted into films
3.Asimov mainly wrote____.
A、science fiction
B、mystery
C、short story
D、nonfiction
4.What's Asimov's attitude to the adaptation of his works into films？____
A、He was ardent about the adaptation.
B、He was indifferent to the adaptations.
C、He disagreed to the adaptations.
D、He was not interested in the adaptation at all.
5.Who encouraged the gush(涌出) in filmmaking？____
A、A partner author of Asimov.
B、A company started by
C、A corporation set up by Wince Gerardis and Ralph Vicinanza.
D、A firm managed by wife.
Questions are based on the following passage．
He was a qualified doctor who rarely practiced but instead devoted his life to writing．He once said: "Medicine is my lawful wife, and literature is my lover．" Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was a great playwright and one of the masters of the modem short story．
(77) When Chekhov entered the Moscow University Medical School in 1879, he started to publish hundreds of comic short stories to support his family． After he graduated, he wrote regularly for a local daily newspaper．
As a writer he was extremely fast, often producing a short story in an hour or less． Chekhov&39;s medical and science experience can be seen through the indifference（冷漠) many of his characters show to tragic events． In 1892, he became a full time writer and published some of his most memorable stories．
Chekhov often wrote about the sufferings of life in small town Russia． Tragic events control his characters who are filled with feelings of hopelessness and despair．
It is often said that nothing happens in Chekhov&39;s stories and plays． He made up for this with his exciting technique for developing drama within his characters． (78) Chekhov&39;s work combined the calm attitude of a scientist and doctor with the sensitivity(敏感）of an artist．
Some of Chekhov&39;s works were translated into Chinese as early as the 1940s． One of his famous stories, The Man in a Shell (装在套子里的人), about a school teacher&39;s extraordinarily orderly life, was selected as a text for Chinese senior students．
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov__________ 查看材料
A.had a lawful lover
B.was an illegal writer
C.used to be a lawyer
D.was a competent doctor
Yet, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it. And even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is. That is what “keeping up with the Joneses” is about. It is the story of someone who tries to look as rich and as successful as his neighbors.
The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American by the name of Arthur Momand. He told this story about himself: he began earning $125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. Young Momand was very proud of his riches. He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighborhood outside New York City. But just moving there was not enough. When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went horse riding every day. When he saw that rich people had servants, Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbors.
It was like a race, but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up. Momand and his wife could not do that.
The race ended for them when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They left their wealthy neighborhood and moved back to an apartment in New York City.
Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with their neighbors. He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories. He called it “keeping up with the Joneses”, because “Jones” is a very common name in the United States. “Keeping up with the Joneses” came to mean keeping up with the people around you. Momand’s series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years.
Every city has an area where people want to live because others will think better of them if they do. And there are “Joneses” in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses, because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead.
6. The writer of the selection believes（）.
A. many people in the United States think anyone can become rich if he works hard and has some good luck
B. anyone in the United Sates can become rich if he works hard and has some good luck
C. he can become rich in the future
D. anyone in the United States can become rich
7. Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because（）.
A. they want to be as rich as their neighbors
B. they want others to know or to think that they are rich
C. they don’t want others to know they are rich
D. they want to be happy
8. It can be inferred from the story that rich people（）.
A. like to live in apartments
B. like to live in New York City
C. like to live outside New York City
D. like to have many neighbors
9. Arthur Momand used the name “Jones” in his series of short stories because Jones is（）.
A,. an important name
B. a popular name in the United States
C. his neighbor’s name
D. not a good name
10. According to the writer, it is（）.
A. correct to keep up with the Joneses
B. impossible to keep up with the Joneses
C. interesting to keep up with the Joneses
D. good to keep up with the Joneses
Section A
Directions: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. The dialogues and the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices A , B, C, and D.
听力原文：M: This house won't be big enough when the new baby arrives in two months. I'm afraid we'll have to buy a big one.
W: But I don't see we can afford it right now. We can let Andy live with my mother then.
Q: What can we learn from this conversation？
(1)
A．A new baby will be born soon.
B．They will buy a big house in two months.
C．They will live with the man's mother.
D．The new baby will be sent to the man's mother.
How to Read Newspapers
The headline of a newspaper presents the heart of the news in brief form. Because of space limitations headline writers tend to use short verbs and nouns. Scanning the headlines gives a hasty look at the major news of the day. Headlines are often presented in steps. Each Section adds to the news presented in the top headline. If you have only a little time, you may wish to read the headlines and follow up only a few stories you are particularly interested in.
The first paragraph or lead of a news story answers certain questions that might be asked by a reader. A lead answers some or all of these questions: "Who？ What？ When'？ Where？ Why？ How？" Once again, if you are pressed for time, you can get a great deal of information by reading just the lead.
The news article develops the information presented in the headline and the lead. Since news columns must fit the space provided, putting the most important information at the beginning makes sense. You will not, of course, read every news item every day.
How to Read Newspapers
1) (46) help you to get the major news of the day.
2) If you haven't enough time, you are advised to read the headlines and follow up only (47) that you are interested in.
3) Once again, if you are pressed for time, you can get a lot of information by (48)
4) You must bear it in mind that the (49) is always put at the beginning of news column.
5) It is impossible that you can read (50) every day.
