Why Do People Shrink？Did you ever see the movie Honey, I shrunk the kids？ It&39;s about a

第1题

Why Do People Shrink？Did you ever see the movie Honey, I shrunk the kids？ It's about a wac

Why Do People Shrink？

Did you ever see the movie Honey, I shrunk the kids？ It's about a wacky(古怪的)dad (who's also a scientist) who accidentally(偶然的) shrink's his kids with his homemade miniaturizing (使小型化) invention. Oops! The kids spend the rest of the movie as tiny people who are barely visible while trying to get back to their normal size.

(46) It takes place over years and may add up to only one inch or so off of their adult height (maybe a little more, maybe less), and this kind of shrinking can*t be magically reversed, although there are things that can be done to stop it or slow it down. But why does shrinking happen at all？

(47) As people get older, they generally lose some muscle and fat from their bodies as part of the natural aging process. Gravity (the force that keeps your feet on the ground) take hold, and the bones in the spine, called vertebrae(椎骨), may break down or degenerate, and start to collapse into one another. (48) . But perhaps the most common reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis (骨质疏松症).

Osteoporosis occurs when too much spongy(海绵) bone tissue (which is found inside of most bones) is broken down and not enough new bone material is made. (49) . Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured. Older people—especially women, who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with—are more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by, a person with osteoporosis shrinks a little bit.

Did you know that every day you do a shrinking act？ You aren't as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. (50) . Don't worry, though. Once you get a good night's rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, you're standing tall again.

A. They end up pressing closer together, which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter.

B. That's because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed (squeezed) due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter.

C. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it's not being replaced.

D. Luckily, there are things that people can do to prevent shrinking.

E. For older people, shrinking isn't that dramatic or sudden at all.

F. There are a few reasons.

(46)

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第2题

Why do those rich people steal things ______ they could easily afford to buy them？A．thatB．

Why do those rich people steal things ______ they could easily afford to buy them？

A．that

B．because

C．if

D．when

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第3题

Why do Western people eat fast food？

A.To save tim

B.To save time and keep their energy.

C.To save money.

D.To save money an

E.keep fit.

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第4题

Why Do So Many People Rush Back to School？（1)现在越来越多的在职人员申请在职学习或进

Why Do So Many People Rush Back to School？ (1)现在越来越多的在职人员申请在职学习或进修的机会。 (2)引起这一现象的原因。 (3)我的看法。

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第5题

In the opinion of the writer, why do women still earn less money than men？A．Some professio

In the opinion of the writer, why do women still earn less money than men？

A．Some professions are not suitable for women.

B．The principle of" equal pay for equal work" isn' t observed.

C．It is very difficult to change people' s attitude towards the roles of women.

D．Women are often in the majority in low-paying jobs.

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第6题

为什么有时即使支付的保险费超过了期望损失，人们通常还是想要得到对风险情形的完全保险？Why do

为什么有时即使支付的保险费超过了期望损失，人们通常还是想要得到对风险情形的完全保险？

Why do people often want to insure fully against uncertain situations even when the premium paid exceeds the expected value of the loss being insured against？

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第7题

Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent－minded of us will conform

Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent-minded of us will conform. to social pressure when we are with a group of people. In one classie experiment, people were showna vertical line and asked to find a line of identical length from a selection of three.

You might think that this is an absurdly easy task, and when people perform. it by themselves they do it very well. However, psychologists have discovered that we are very easily swayed by the opinions of other people when we do this task in a group. In one study, a group of three people was set up,where two of the people were confederates(同伙 )of the experimenter.When the confederates deliberately gave wrong answers,people were often swayed to give the wrong answer also. In fact, 75% of people gave at least o ne wrong answer, with some people conforming to peer pressure on every occasion.

But why do people conform. in this way？ In an easy task like this, it seems that people do not want to step out of line with the prevailing opinion of the group. On more difficult tasks, people also conform. because they lose onfidence in their own ability to make decisions and prefer to trust the majority opinion instead.

A typical example of this kind of conformity arises when we come across people in distress. Would you help a woman who has been attacked in the street？It turns out that you are much more likely to go to her assistance if you are alone.When other people are also around,a diffusion of responsibility occurs. People are paralysed into inaction, because everyone assumes that someone else will go to the woman' s assistance.

25. In Paragraph 1, the underlined word "conform" probably means“ ()”.

A.seek independence

B.disobey orders

C.seek pleasure

D.follow what others do

26.What is the purpose of the experiment described in Paragraph 2？ To().

A.explain why people would be influenced by the opinions of others

B.prove that people are easily influenced by the opinions of others

C.train the confederates of the experimenter as independent-minded

D.describe how people would be influenced by the opinions of others

27.In the last paragraph, according to the author,why wouldn’t one help the woman ？He().

A.thinks he has no responsibilities to give a hand

B.thinks he has has nothing to do with it

C.is too shy to give his helping hand

D.thinks someone else will offer assistance

28.What method does the author mainly use to develop the text？ (

A.Giving examples.

B.Cause-effect analysis.

C.Comparative analysis.

D.Process analysis.

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第8题

Crime is a very serious problem in Britain. One sort of crime which particularly worri

es people is juvenile delinquency—that is, crimes committed by young people. For some years juvenile delinquency had been increasing. There are two main sorts of juvenile crimes: stealing and violence. Most people do not understand why young people commit these crimes. There are, I think, a large number of different reasons.

These crimes are not usually committed by people who are poor or in need. Young people often dislike and hate the adult world. They will do things to show that they are rebels. Also in Britain today it is easier for young people to commit crimes because they have more freedom to go where they like and more money to do what they like.

There are two other possible causes which are worth mentioning. More and more people in Britain live in large towns. In a large town no one knows who anyone else is or where they live. But in the village I come from crimes are rare because everyone knows everyone else.

Although it is difficult to explain, I think the last cause is very important. Perhaps there is something with our society which encourages violence and crime. It is a fact that all the time children are exposed to films and reports about crime and violence. Many people do not agree that this influences the young people, but I think that young people are very much influenced by the society they grow in. I feel that the fault may be as much with our whole society as with these young people.

6. From the passage we know that many British people are confused about ().

A. the cause of juvenile crimes

B. the rise of the crime rate

C. the problem of crimes in their country

D. the various kinds of juvenile delinquency

7. One reason why young people in large cities are more likely to commit crimes is that ().

A. nobody knows anything about others

B. they are free to move

C. they live a better life

D. they need more money

8. According to the passage, which groups of the following young people are LEAST likely to commit crimes？

A. Those living in big cities

B. Those who are in need of help

C. Those who are very poor

D. Those living in the countryside

9. Unlike many others, the author holds that one important cause for juvenile delinquency is that().

A. young people nowadays do not like adult world

B. young people in Britain today are freer than before

C. too many young people have come to live in big cities

D. young people are influenced by crime and violence in films and newspapers

10.According to the passage, which is to blame for juvenile crimes, apart from the young people themselves？

A. The adult world

B. Their parents

C. The development of the cities

D. The society

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第9题

听音频，回答下列问题： When Captain Cook asked the chiefs in Tahiti why they always are 26

, they replied, "Because it is right. " If we ask Americans why they eat with knives and forks, or why their men wear pants 27 skirts, or why they may be married to only one person at a time, we are likely to get 28 and very uninformative answers: "Because its right. " "Because thats the way its done. " "Because its the 29 " Or even ,I dont know. " The reason for these and countless other patterns of social behavior. is that they are __30 by social norms--shared rules or guidelines which prescribe the behavior. that is appropriate in a given situation. Norms 31 how people " ought" to behave under particular circumstances in a particular society. We conform. (遵守) to norms so readily that we are hardly aware they 32 . In fact, we are much more likely to notice 33 from norms than conformity to them. You would not be surprised if a stranger tried to shake hands when you were introduced, but you might be a little 34 if they bowed, started to stroke you or kissed you on both 35 . Yet each of these other forms of greeting is appropriate in other parts of the world. When we visit another society whose norms are different, we quickly become aware that things we do this way, they do that way. 第26题应填____

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第10题

听力原文：When people care for an elderly relative, they often do not use available communi

听力原文： When people care for an elderly relative, they often do not use available community services such as adult daycare centers. If the caregivers are adult children, they are more likely to use such services, especially because they often have jobs and other responsibilities. In contrast, a spouse usually the wife, is much less likely to use support services or to put the dependent person in a nursing home. Social workers discover that the wife normally tries to take care of her husband herself for as long as she can in order not to use up their life savings. Researchers have found that caring for the elderly can be a very positive experience. The elderly appreciated the care and attention they received. They were affectionate and cooperative. However, even when care-giving is satisfying, it is hard work. Social workers and experts on aging offer caregivers and potential caregivers help when arranging for the care of an elderly relative. One consideration is to ask parents what they want before they become sick or dependent. Perhaps they prefer going into a nursing home and can select one in advance. On the other hand, they may want to live with their adult children. Caregivers must also learn to state their needs and opinions clearly and ask for help from others especially brothers and sisters. Brothers and sisters are often willing to help, but they may not know what to do.

Questions:

29. Why are adult children more likely to use community services to help care for elderly parents？

30. Why are most wives unwilling to put their dependent husbands into nursing homes？

31. According to the passage，what must caregivers learn to do？

(30)

A．They think they should follow the current trend.

B．Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.

C．Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.

D．They have jobs and other commitments.

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