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[单选题]

Only a few years ago, public opinion was ________ opposed

A.roughly

B.decidedly

C.appropriately

D.properly

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第1题

The cost is going up for just about everything, and college tuition is no exception. Accor

ding to a nation- wide survey【21】by the College Board's Scholarship Service,【22】at most American universities will be【23】of 9 percent higher this year over last.

The biggest increase will occur at private colleges. Public colleges, heavily subsidized by rax funds, will also【24】their tuition, but the increase will be a few percentage points【25】than their privately sponsored neighbors.

As a follow-up, the United Press international did their own study【26】Massachussetts Institute of Technology. At M. I. T. advisors recommended that students have $ 8,900【27】for one year's expenses, including $ 5,300 for tuition, $ 2,685 for room and【28】, $ 630 for personal expenses, and $ 285 for books and supplies. Ten years ago the tuition was only $ 2,150. To【29】that another way, the cost has climbed 150 percent in the last【30】.

(61)

A．published

B．declared

C．written

D．quoted

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第2题

A few years ago a young mother watched her husband diaper（给...换尿布) their firstborn son

A few years ago a young mother watched her husband diaper(给...换尿布) their firstborn son. "You don't have to be so unhappy about it," she protested. "You can talk to him and smile a little." The father, who happened to be a psychologist, answered firmly, "He has nothing to say to me, and I have nothing to say to him."

Psychologists now know how wrong that father was. From the moment of birth, a baby has a great deal to say to his parents and they to him. But a decade or so ago, these experts were describing the newborn as a primitive creature who reacted only by reflex, a helpless victim of its environment without capacity to influence it. And mothers accepted the truth. Most thought(and some still do) that a new infant could see only blurry shadows, that his other senses were undeveloped, and that all he required was nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet.

Today university laboratories across the country are studying newborns in their first month of life. As a result, psychologists now describe the new baby as perceptive, with remarkable learning abilities and an even more remarkable capacity to shape his or her environment—including the attitudes and actions of his parents. Some researchers believe that the neonatal period may even be the most significant four weeks in an entire lifetime.

Far from being helpless, the newborn knows what he likes and rejects what he doesn't. He shuts out unpleasant sensations by closing his eyes or averting his face. He is a glutton for novelty. He prefers animate things over inanimate and likes people more than anything.

When a mere nine minutes old, an infant prefers a human face to a head-shaped outline. He makes the choice despite the fact that, with delivery-room attendants masked and gowned, he has never seen a human face before. By the time he's twelve hours old, his entire body moves in precise synchrony to the sound of a human voice, as if he were dancing. A non-human sound, such as a tapping noise, brings no such response.

The author points out that the father diapering his firstborn son was wrong because ______.

A．he thought the baby didn't have the power of speech

B．he believed the baby was not able to hear him

C．he was a psychologist unworthy of his profession

D．he thought the baby was not capable of any response

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第3题

New Zealanders have adopted their name from the kiwi, （).

A.which is a native flightless bird

B.which was the only mammal in New Zealand

C.which was introduced to New Zealand about 1000 years ago

D.which is an introduced flightless bird

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第4题

A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically "proved" by economists that the laws

of society make it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. Today, hardly anybody would dare to voice the principle. It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth of the nation, either by the law of nature or by those of society. The opinions are outdated, which were current a hundred years ago, that the poor owed their conditions to their ignorance, lack of responsibility. In all western industrialized countries, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, in other words, one can claim this substance minimum without having to have any "reason". I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time, let's say two years, so as to avoid the encouragement of an abnormal attitude which refuses any kind of social obligation.

This may sound like a fantastic proposal, but so, I think, our insurance system would have sounded to people a hundred years ago. The main objection to such a scheme would be that if each person were entitled to receive minimum support, people would not work. This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness. In human nature, actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.

However, the suspicions against a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum are not groundless from the standpoint of those who want to use ownership capital for the purpose of forcing others to accept the work conditions they offer. If nobody were forced to accept work in order not to starve, work would be sufficiently interesting and attractive in order to induce one to accept it. Freedom of contract is possible only if both parties are free to accept and reject if; in the present capitalist system this is not the case.

But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees, its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in interpersonal relationships in every sphere of daily life.

People used to think that poverty and unemployment were due to ______.

A．the slow development of the economy

B．the poor and jobless people's own faults

C．the lack of responsibility on the part of the society

D．the large number Of people who were not well-educated

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第5题

Passage 6The U.S. dollar was supposed to be at the end of its rope. Kicking the bucket. A

Passage 6

The U.S. dollar was supposed to be at the end of its rope. Kicking the bucket. A dying symbol of a dying empire. Well, maybe not. The dollar continues to _1_ gloom-and-doom predictions. After a swoon (低迷）last year, the dollar is again enjoying a major _2_. The U.S. dollar index, which measures the dollar’s value against other major currencies, is just off an eight-month high. The main reason behind the dollar’s recovery is actually no real surprise at all. There is no _3_ able to replace the dollar as the world’s No.l currency. What makes currencies so fascinating is that their perceived value is always relative to other currencies. Sure, the U.S. budget deficit is _4_, the government’s debt is increasing, and Wall Street is still repairing itself. But the dollar remains the prettiest of a flock of ugly ducklings. Is any other major industrialized economy _5_ better off than the U.S.？ Not really. Just about the _6_ developed world is suffering with the same problems. That’s why when investors get nervous, they still rush to the good old dollar. The dollar wins because no one else is really in the game. The euro has been exposed as a _7_. Only a few months ago, economists truly believed the euro could _8_ the dollar as the top reserve currency. Now experts are questioning if the euro has a future at all. The Greek debt crisis has _9_ that the euro is only as strong as its weakest link. Maybe over the next 20 or 30 years，the dollar will slowly lose the _10_ status it holds today. That process, however, could well be driven by the appearance of new rivals.

A)fraud

B)consistently

C)dominant

D)expanding

E)entire

F)incentive

G)rival

H)alleged

I)defy

J)particularly

K)alternative

L)relative

M)revealed

N)intriguing

O)rally

第1空答案是：

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第6题

The discovery of the Antarctic not only proved one of the most interesting of all geograph

ical adventures, but created what might be called "the heroic age of Antarctic exploration". By their tremendous heroism, men such as Shakleton, Scott, and Amundsen caused a new continent to emerge from the shadows, and yet that heroic age, little more than a century old, is already passing. Modern science and inventions are revolutionizing the endurance, future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on motor vehicles equipped with caterpillar traction rather than on the dogs that earlier discoverers found so invaluable and hardly comparable.

Few realize that this Antarctic continent is almost equal in size to South America, and enormous field of work awaits geographers and prospectors. The coasts of this continent remain to be accurately charted, and the mapping of the whole of the interior presents a formidable task to the cartographers who undertake the work. Once their labors are completed, it will be possible to prospect the vast natural resources which scientists believe will furnish one of the largest treasure hoards of metals and minerals the world has yet known, and almost inexhaustible sources of copper, coal, uranium, and many other ores will become available to man. Such discoveries will usher in an era of practical exploitation of the Antarctic wastes.

The polar darkness which hides this continent for the six winter months will be defeated by huge batteries of light which make possible the establishing of air-fields for the future inter- continental air services by making these areas as light as day. Present flying routes will be completely changed, for the Antarctic refueling bases will make flights from Australia to South America comparatively easy over the 5,000 miles journey.

The climate is not likely to offer an insuperable problem, for the explorer Admiral Byrd has shown that the climate is possible even for men completely untrained for expeditions into those frozen wastes. Some of his parties were men who had never seen snow before, and yet he records that they survived the rigors of the Antarctic climate comfortably, so that, provided that the appropriate installations are made, we may assume that human beings from all countries could live there safely. Byrd even affirms that it is probably the most healthy climate in the world, for the intense cold of thousands of years has sterilized this continent, and rendered it absolutely germfree, with the consequences that ordinary and extraordinary sickness and diseases from which man suffers in other zones with different climates are here utterly unknown. There exist no problems of conservation and preservation of food supplies, for the latter keep indefinitely without any signs of deterioration; it may even be that later generations will come to regard the Antarctic as the natural storehouse for the whole world.

Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases on the shores of this continent, and what so few years ago was regarded as a "dead continent" now promises to be a most active center of human life and endeavor.

When did man begin to explore the Antarctic？ ______

A．About 100 years ago.

B．In 20th century.

C．At the beginning of the 19th century.

D．In 1798.

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第7题

The greatest change has been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there h

as been a remarkable shortening of the time of woman's life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman's youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty years and is likely to take paid work until retirement, at sixty. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by modem living conditions.

This important change in women's life pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women's economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first chance, and most of them took a full time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen. Many girls stay at school after that age, and though women usually marry younger, more married women stay at least until shortly before their first child is born. Many more afterwards return to fuller part-time job. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the house, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.

6. According to the passage, around the year 1900 most women married ____.

A. at about twenty-five

B. in their early fifties

C. as soon as possible after they were fifteen

D. at any age from fifteen to forty-five

7. We are told that in a common family in 1890s _____.

A. seven or eight children lived to be more man five

B. many children died before they were five

C. the youngest children would be fifteen

D. four or five children died when they were five

8. When she was over fifty, the late nineteenth century mother ____.

A. would be healthy enough to take paid jobs

B. was usually expected to die fairly soon

C. was unlikely to find a job if she wanted one

D. would expect to work till she died

9. According to the passage, the women of today usually____.

A. marry instead of getting paid work

B. marry before they are twenty-five

C. have more children under fifteen

D. have too few children

10. The best title for this passage is____.

A. Women’s Life

B. The Change of Women's life

C. Women's Marriage

D. Women's New Life

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第8题

Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every fi

ve Americans at work was employed, i. e. , worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago "being employed" meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been tile fastestgrowing groups in our working population—growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.

Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanist's trade or book-keeping(簿记). Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.

It is implied that fifty years ago _______.

A．eighty per cent of American working people were employed in factories

B．twenty per cent of American intellectuals were employees

C．the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workers

D．the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers

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第9题

阅读文章，回答下列各题： When people print a stamp, any error made on a stamp raises its val

ue to stamp collectors. A mistake on one inexpensive postage stamp has made the stamp worth a million and a half times its original value. More than one hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean, the mistake was made. In 1847 an order for stamps .was sent to a London printer -- Mauritius was to become the fourth country in the world to issue stamps. Before the order was filled and delivered, a bail was planned at Mauritius' s Government House, and stamps were needed to send out the invitations. A locai printer was instructed to copy the design for the stamps. He accidentally inscribed the words "Post Office" instead of "Post Paid" on the severai hundred stamps that he printed. Today there are only twenty-six of these misprinted stamps left-fourteen One Penny Orange - Reds and twelve Two Penny Blues. Because of the Two Penny Blues' rareness and age, collectors have paid as much as $16,800 for it. Over a century ago, Mauritius__________

A. was an independent country

B. was a smail island in the Pacific Ocean

C. belonged to India

D. was one of the British colonies

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第10题

填空：Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular

Questions 36-45 are based on the following passage.

Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients ____36____ of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to, live with it.

Times have changed. Today, we take pain ____37____. Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in ____38____a person's well-being. We know that chronic(慢性的) pain can disrupt (扰乱的) a person's life, causing problems that ____39 ____ from missed work todepression.

That's why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who ____40____ in pain medicine. Not onlydo we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help providecomprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social ____41____ related to chronic pain. Suchcomprehensive therapy often ____42 ____ the work of social workers, psychiatrists (心理医生) and psychologists, aswell as specialists in pain medicine.

This modem ____43____ for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effectiveand with fewer side effects than ever before. Decades ago, there were only a ____44 ____number of drugs available, andmany of them caused ____45 ____ side effects in older people， including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the painitself.

A.result

B.involves

C.significant

D.range

E.relieved

F.issues

G.seriously

H.magnificent

I.determining

J.limited

K.gravely

L.complained