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What is motivation？ Explain the three key elements of motivation.
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更多“What is motivation？ Explain th…”相关的问题
Maslow examines in detail what these needs are. He points out not only that there are many needs ranging from basic physiological drives such as hunger to a more abstract desire for self-realization, but also that they are arranged in a hierarchy(等级制度 )whereby the lower-order needs must to a large degree be satisfied before the higher-order ones come into play.
One of the most obvious ways in which work organizations attract and retain members is through the realization, that economic factors are not the only inducement for working as indicated by Morse and Weiss. In line with the social respect and self-realization needs discussed by Maslow, factors such as association with others, self-respect gained through the work, and a high interest value of the work can serve effectively to induce people to work.
According to Maslow, a work organization is able to motivate people to work by______.
A．satisfying their physiological needs
B．satisfying their self-realization needs
C．satisfying hierarchy of their higher-order needs
D．first satisfying their lower-order needs
段落翻译： Before you make up your mind about which way to go, take a hard, honest look at your motivation for starting a company. Too many people are looking to get rich, escape the corporate grind, and work shorter hours with more free time. None of those reasons is likely to lead to success. If you are focused on solving a customer problem or need, believe you can do what you do better than anyone else, dying to work long hours, wear many hates, and juggle endless responsibilities, then you have the right startup mindset. You also need certain personality traits. One of them is a willingness to work very hard all by yourself, at least for the first year or so (and possibly longer).
What makes a "good" language learner "good", and what makes a "poor" language learner "poor"？ What does this imply for the teaching of language in the Hong Kong context？ These are the central questions of this assignment. The existing body of research attributes the differences between language learners to learner variables and learner strategies. Learner variables include such things as differences in personality, motivation, style, aptitude and age (Ellis, 1986: Chap. 5) and strategies refer to "techniques, approaches, or deliberate actions that students take in order to facilitate the learning and recall of both linguistic and content area information" (Chabot, 1987: 71). It is important to note here that what we are considering is not the fact that language learners do and can learn, but why there should be such variations in speed of learning, ability to use the target language, and in achieving examination grades, areas which generally lead to the classification of students as being either "good" or "poor".
Learner variables and strategies have been the focus of a number of research projects, (O'Malley et al, 1985, Oxford, 1989). However, to the best of my knowledge, this area has not been researched in Hong Kong classrooms. Since I am a teacher of English working in Hong Kong, gleaning a little of what learner variables and strategies seem to work for local students seems to be a fruitful area of research.
In discussing learner variables and strategies, we have to keep in mind the arbitrary nature of actually identifying these aspects. As the existing research points out, it is not possible to observe directly qualities such as aptitude, motivation and anxiety. (Oxford, 1986). We cannot look inside the mind of a language learner and find out what strategies, if any, they are using. These strategies are not visible processes. Also, as Naiman and his colleagues (1978) point out, no single learning strategy, cognitive style. or learner characteristic is sufficient to explain success in language learning. The factors must be considered simultaneously to discover how they affect success or failure in particular language learning situation.
Bearing these constraints in mind, the aim of this assignment is to develop two small scale studies of the language learners attempting to gain an overall idea of what strategies are in use and what variables seem to make a difference to Hong Kong students.
In Paragraph 2 "learner variables" and "strategies" are defined by reference to other writers ______.
A．because these writers are authorities in the field and these are recognized as important concepts
B．because these writers are authorities in the field and these are recognized as important definitions
C．because the present author is not sure what these terms mean
D．because the present author wishes to redefine the scope of research in this area
Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.()
A. account for
B. apply for
C. risk for
D. supply for
A.onomatopoeic
B.morphological
C.semantic
D.etymological
1.Determine your goals.What do you want to get out of a college education？ Academic(学术的)knowledge？ Leadership experience within a club？ Decide what is most important to you.Then de vote proportionate(成比例的)amounts of time to those efforts.
2.Plan ahead.You may think you can keep everything in your head, but as the activities on your schedule start piling up, making a schedule can really help organize even little tasks.
3.Study at strategic (关键的)times.Don’t wait until you’re falling asleep to study.Study first.Save those e-mails to check later, because tasks that don’t require much energy and attention can still be done when you’re tired.
4.Motivate (激励)yourself! You know t hat TV show you’ve been dying to see, or that game of chess you’ve been waiting all week to challenge your friend to.These and many other special activities can be used for motivation.Promise yourself that you’ll force yourself to work efficiently.(Don't rush through the assignment, though.)
5.Take a nap.Sometimes even a 20-minute nap in the afternoon will give you the extra energy you need to get through the day.
1.We need to play ahead in order to ().
A.keep a record of all the events
B.better organize our activities
C.store everything in our head
D.pile up little tasks neatly
2.Strategic times are best for us to ().
A.save energy
B.check e-mails
C.study efficiently
D.orga nize activities
3.Which of the following could be used as a motivation to do our assignments？()
A.Remembering our urgent tasks
B.Any activities we’re eager to do
C.Taking a break in the afternoon
D.The promise to study efficiently
4.What can help us to keep refreshed throughout the day？()
A.Doing some physical exercise
B.Taking a short nap in the afternoon
C.Rushing through some assignments
D.Playing a game of chess with a friend
5.Which of the following could be the best title for this article？()
A.Study Habits and Time Management
B.Business Management and Leadership
C.University Education and Campus Life
D.Life Goals and Academic Development
A.全部
B.其中的S和M
C.其中的O与E
D.其中的S
