题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A、Piers Plowman
B、Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
C、Confessio Amantis
D、The Canterbury Tales
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Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.
Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free froth meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.
Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.
In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to ______.
A．argue fur the similarities between animal societies and human societies
B．smooth out the conflicts in human societies
C．distinguish between two kinds of opposition
D．summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation
Of these factors, usefulness has probably been the most decisive. In ancient societies, as people settled into stable patterns of agriculture and trade, it became useful for some of them to read and write in order to keep records, to transact business, and to measure amounts of land, animals, goods, materials, and produce. Since all economic aspects of a society were closely tied to the operations of government, literacy became useful and even necessary for the keeping of records by officials. The responsibilities of citizenship led to a fairly high level of literacy in ancient Greece and Rome, but in addition to that, there also grew an appreciation of good literature, poetry, drama, history, and philosophy.
During the early Middle Ages, with the general breakdown of society in Europe and the decrease of commerce, literacy became largely confined to the church. But in the late Middle Ages, in the period of the Renaissance, the great expansion of commerce and banking led to a revival in literacy for the same reason that had caused it to increase in the ancient world—usefulness.
With the invention of the printing press and inexpensive paper late in the 15th century there was for the first time a great availability of reading material for a much greater number of people. Religious reformers were among the first to utilize the situation, quickly getting translations of the Bible and educational tracts and booklets into the hands of many people.
The broadened religious enlightenment that resulted was followed in later centuries by a political one. Political theorists who favored doctrines promoting the natural rights of man called for an attack upon illiteracy. Political revolutions, particularly in the United States and France, helped inaugurate an era in which all classes were called upon to become informed on public policy for their own welfare. Against this political background there emerged the movement for universal popular education. Literacy came to be understood as a means whereby the individual could benefit and advance,* and gradually whole societies began to acknowledge that universal literacy among their citizens was an avenue to greater economic well-being.
What do we learn from the first paragraph？______
A．It is fairly easy to determine literacy
B．There is no illiteracy in a rich country
C．History sees an even progress towards literacy
D．In history literacy suffers ups and downs
He found that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than summer heat is. This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in the summer than they are during the rest of the year. It does mean, however, that mental, abilities of large numbers of people tend to be lowest in the summer.
Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking. One reason may be that in the spring man's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature.
Fall is the next best season, then winter. As for summer, it seems to be a good time to take a long vacation from thinking!
According to the passage, your mental ability ______.
A．depends on your attitude towards people in different time of the year
B．changes for the worst when you dislike most people in hot season
C．will be best in winter and worst in summer if you want to be creative
D．turns to be more powerful in spring than in any of the other seasons
1.The passage is mostly concerned with the issue of ____.
A.advantages of the EEC
B.attitudes towards other countries
C.learning foreign languages
D.differences among people
2.According to the author, ____.
A.our knowledge of other cultures are always wrong
B.reading books about other countries is the safest way of understanding their peoples
C.there are more similarities than differences among different people
D.there are more differences than similarities among different people
3.Some people think that European peoples are identifying themselves with each other because of the following EXCEPT _____.
A.the establishment of the EEC
B.the greater rapidity and ease of travel
C.the increasing standardization
D.the rapid industrialization
4.The clause “However this may be” suggests that ____.
A.the author is going to introduce a new idea
B.the author is about to avoid any conclusion
C.the author is about to give up his own point of view
D.the author will stick to his own point of view
5.The passage seems to attach importance to ____.
A.the greater ease of travel nowadays than before
B.the uncontrollable tendency to identification
C.the similarities in terms of way of life between different cultures
D.the differences between European peoples and other nations
The Olympic Games originated in 776 B.C. in Olympia, a small town in Greece. Participants in the first Olympiad are said to have run a 200-yard race, but as the Games were held every four years, they expanded in scope. Only Greek amateurs were allowed to participate in this festival in honor of the god Zeus. The event became a religious, patriotic, and athletic occasion where winners were honored with wreaths and special privileges. They were banned in 394 A.D. by Emperor Theodosius, after they became professional circuses and carnivals.
The modern Olympic Games began in Athens in 1896 as a result of the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin, a French educator whose desire was to promote international understanding through athletics. Nine nations participated in the first Games; over 100 nations currently compete.
The taint of politics and racial controversy, however, has impinged upon the Olympic Games in our epoch. In 1936 Hitler, whose country hosted the Games, affronted Jesse Owens, a black American runner, by refusing to congratulate Owens for the feat of having won four gold medals. In the 1972 Munich Games, the world was appalled by the deplorable murder of eleven Israeli athletes by Arab terrorists, The next Olympic Games in Montreal were boycotted by African nations; in addition, Taiwan Province withdrew. In 1980, following the former Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, sixty-two nations caused great dismay to their athletes by refusing to participate in the Games. The consensus among those nations was that their refusal would admonish the Soviets.
According to the passage, the first Olympic games were held （）.
A.as a religious festival
B.for political reasons
C.as an international competition
D.as a professional athletes' competition
(1) The author claims that there is a difference in reading speed ___________.
A、among all the readers
B、among readers who have different experience
C、between the poorly educated and the highly educated
D、among the highly educated people
(2) A good reader is a reader who ___________.
A、concentrates on the wonderful part of the article
B、always reads slowly and carefully
C、changes his speed according to the type of reading matter
D、changes his speed according to the interesting part of the text
(3) The author says that when reading more difficult material，a good reader can read ___________
A、every part of the book
B、the most wonderful part of the book
C、the major part of the book
D、the scientific part of the book
(4) The last two sentences of the first paragraph mean that ___________.
A、reading speed too slow for a difficult book is just right for a non-serious one
B、reading speed too slow for a non-serious book may be too fast for a difficult one
C、reading speed too fast for difficult material is just right for a non-serious book is also too slow for a difficult one
D、reading speed too slow for a non-serious book is also too slow for a difficult one
(5) What is the passage mainly about？
A、Practise reading skill.
B、Difference between the highly educated and the poorly educated.
C、Reading and listening.
D、Difference in the speed and efficiency of reading.
According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when______.
A．he has saved up enough money
B．he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter
C．he has satisfied his hunger
D．he has learned to build houses
Lillehammer's opening ceremonies featured a giant Olympic Torch burning biogas produced by rotting vegetation. During construction, builders were threatened with $7,500 fines for felling trees unnecessarily. Rare trees were carefully transplanted from hillsides. Food is being served on potato-based plates that will be fed, in turn, to pigs. Smoking has been banned outdoors as well as in, with enforcement by polite requests.
Environmentalists have declared partial victory: though Coca-Cola's plan to decorate the town with banners has been scaled back, there are still too many billboards for strict green tastes. Perhaps, but after the Games, athlete housing will be converted into vacation homes or shipped to the northlands for student dormitories. Bullets will be plucked from biathlon targets and recycled to keep the lead from poisoning ground water. And these tricks won't be forgotten. Embarrassed by environmental protests, the I. O. C. claims that green awareness is now entrenched—along with sport and culture—as a permanent dimension of the Olympic Charter.
Indeed, Sydney was successful in becoming host for the 2000 Summer Games in part on the strength of its endorsement from Greenpeace. Aspiring host cities are picking up the code. Salt Lake City, bidding for the 2002 Games, may opt to use the bobsled run that Calgary built for the '88 Games. After that, who could deny that recycling is an Olympic movement？
Which of the following countries has not paid enough attention to the "green" issues？
A．Norway.
B．France.
C．America.
D．Australia.
