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Human needs seem endless. They might be regarded as making up several levels. When there i

s enough money to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears. The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War II , these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses. By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared: the "life-enriching" level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the feeding, comfort, safety , and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing. On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when______.

A．he has saved up enough money

B．he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter

C．he has satisfied his hunger

D．he has learned to build houses

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更多“Human needs seem endless. They…”相关的问题

第1题

Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, belief and ways of life of a give

n group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.

To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.

People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped form. of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind the western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion; either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in "backward" languages, while different from ours; are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness ("this" and "that"); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or the person addressed, or remote from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.

This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.

The author uses quotation marks in "backward" to indicate that______.

A．backward languages are connected with backward groups

B．backward languages are connected with backward cultures

C．backward languages are moving forward

D．there is no such thing as backward languages

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第2题

Motivation refers to the underlying drives that contribute to the individual' s pu

rchasing actions.These()stem from the conscious or unconscious goal of satisfying the needs and wants of the()are the basic, often instinctive, human forces that()a person()something. Wants are “needs”thatare learned during a person' s lifetime.

1.A.drive

B.drivers

C.drives

D.drove

2.A.consumer

B.people

C.sellers

D.buyers

3.A.Needs

B.Need

C.Needing

D.Needed

4.A.motivates

B.motivation

C.motive

D.motivate

5.A.do

B.to do

C.does

D.doing

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第3题

The Italian doctor Severino Antinori has announced plans to offer human cloning facilities in his pr

ivate fertility clinics. Antinori is already f______ for previous controversies such as helping grandmothers to have babies. Yet this time he is not alone in p______ the idea of human cloning. US scientists are working with him on this project, and a r______ group -- the Raelians -- have also announced their intention to offer the service. Of course, with so many couples d______ for a child yet unable to conceive through traditional IVF treatments, there is no s______ of volunteers. It would probably not work trying to prevent cloning, thus some form of regulation is almost i______. At the moment, cloning techniques are far from p______ and most attempts to clone animals end up in f______.

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第4题

We get energy from the foods we eat. Our food supplies energy to keep our organs worki

ng. Our food also supplies heat to warm our bodies.

The main energy foods are the carbohydrates (碳水化合物). These are sugars and starch (淀粉). Wheat and rice are rich in starch and many fruits and vegetables contain considerable amount of sugar. Sweets, honey and jam are also rich in sugar.

Like carbohydrates, fats are food that provides us with energy. Butter, margarine, certain types of fish, eggs, cooking oils and most red meats are rich in fats. Fats can be stored in various parts of the body as reserves of energy. Because fats in general are slowly digested, they satisfy hunger for long periods.

Proteins (蛋白质) are very complex substances. The body needs proteins for the growth of new cells and for the repair and replacement of old cells. Foods rich in proteins are essential to a balanced diet. Milk, some vegetables, meat, chicken, fish, cheese, grains and nuts are some foods rich in proteins.

A good diet will contain a variety of foods so that the body contains all the minerals it needs for good health.

Vitamins are necessary for the proper working of the body. If we eat a variety of foods, we can be sure of obtaining all the vitamins we need.

Water makes up about 70 per cent of the weight of the human body. The average adult needs about two liters of water daily to replace the water the body loses.

If equal weight of the following substances is “burned” in the body, the largest amount of energy is produced by().

A、carbohydrates

B、fats

C、vitamins

D、mineral salts

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第5题

In England nobody under eighteen years old is allowed (允许) to drink in a bar (酒吧). M

r. Thompson often went to a bar near his house.But he never took his son, Tom, because he was too young.Then when Tom had his eighteenth birthday, Mr. Thompson took him to his usual bar for the first time.They drank for an hour.Tom drank a bit.Then Mr. Thompson said to his son,“Now, Tom, I want to teach you a useful lesson.How do you know when you’ve had enough？ Well, I’ll tell you.Do you see those two lights at the end of the bar？ When they seem to become four, you’ve had enough and should go home.”

“But, Dad,”said Tom,“I can only see one light at the end of the bar.”

20、Young people ______ allowed to drink in a bar until eighteen()

A.is not

B.are not

C.many

D.must

21、When Tom was a child, his father often went to a nearby bar______ taking him()

A.by

B.for

C.with

D.without

22、On Tom’s eighteenth birthday, he drank together with his father in that bar for ______()

A.the first time

B.once

C.many times

D.eighteen times

23、Father wanted to tell his son ______()

A.the time to drink

B.something about the light

C.when to stop drinking

D.something about the bar

24、In fact (事实上), there ______ at the end of the bar

A.was one light

B.were two lights

C.were three lights

D.were four lights

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第6题

There was a time when, if a lady got onto a crowded bus or train, a gentleman would immedi

ately stand up and offer her his seat. Today a gentleman will probably look out of the window or hide behind his newspaper. Either way, the lady will have to stand until someone gets off.

You can' t entirely blame men for this change in manners. The days are gone when women could be treated as the weaker sex. A whole generation of women has grown up demanding equality with men; not just equality in jobs or education, but in social attitudes. Hold a door open for some women and you're likely to get an angry lecture on treating women as inferiors, unable to open doors for themselves. Take a girl out for a meal and she'll probably insist on paying her share of the bill.

It' s no wonder, then, that men have given up some of the gestures of politeness and consideration which they used to show towards women. On the other hand, man' s politeness is perhaps slowly being replaced by true consideration for the needs and feelings of women, so that men can see women as equal human beings.

What do gentlemen now do when a lady gets on a crowded bus or train？

A．They will stand up reluctantly.

B．They will offer her their seats after a while.

C．They will pretend not to see her.

D．They will get off the bus.

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第7题

According to BTs futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for

the first few decades of the new millennium(a period of 1, 000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life. Pearson has【C1】______together to work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a【C2】______millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key【C3】______and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an【C4】______life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs【C5】______into use between now and 2040. Pearson also【C6】______a breakthrough in computer human links. "By linking【C7】______to our nervous system, computers could pick up【C8】______we feel and, hopefully, simulate【C9】______too so that we can start to【C10】______full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck(甲板演习)," he says. But that, Pearson points【C11】______is only the start of man-machine【C12】______: "It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will【C13】______lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century. "【C14】______his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no【C15】______for when faster-than-light travel will be【C16】______or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does【C17】______social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, 【C18】______problems in 2010 , while the arrival of synthetic【C19】______robots will mean people may not be able to【C20】______between their human friends and the droids(机器人). And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.

【C1】

A．taken

B．pieced

C．kept

D．made

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第8题

False teeth have been found in Italy in human heads that are over 2,500 years old

False teeth have been found in Italy in human heads that are over 2,500 years old. They were made of bone and set in gold. However，for hundreds of years afterwards，the apparent dental skill of those early people was lost. Without false teeth people looked old before their time，since so many lost their teeth at an early age.

Toward the end of the 17th century，rich people could buy false teeth made from ivory. The teeth were tied together with silk thread，but it was difficult to keep them in the mouth. That was why rich people would rather buy teeth from the poor who would often sell their teeth to buy food and clothing.

Early in the 18th century a French doctor used steel springs to hold teeth in place. However，it was difficult to close one‘s mouth! Late in the same century porcelain (瓷)teeth set in gold were often used to make false teeth.

Although the use of artificial teeth increased，human teeth continued to be used also. In the 19th century，teeth from soldiers killed in battle were made into artificial teeth. For example，teeth from the dead in the American Civil War were sent to England.

By the middle of the 19th century，an American doctor，Claudius Ash，invented a better kind of porcelain tooth made of a special kind of hard rubber.

26.When did people with the earliest false teeth live according to the passage？

[A] At the end of the 17th century.

[B] In the early 18th century.

[C] In the middle of the 19th century.

[D] Over 2,500 years ago.

27.Which material would wealthy people use to make artificial teeth in 1693？

[A] Porcelain.

[B] Hard rubber.

[C] Ivory.

[D] Bone.

28.Who first used steel springs to tie false teeth together according to the passage？

[A] An Italian doctor.

[B] A French doctor.

[C] An American doctor.

[D] An English doctor.

29.We can learn from the passage that ___________.

[A] one looked older than his real age with artificial teeth

[B] we are using the same method as ancient people in making false teeth

[C] poor people would often sell their teeth to get money in the 17th century

[D] human teeth were no longer used in making false teeth after the 18th century

30.The passage is mainly about ___________.

[A] the discovery of false teeth

[B] the material of false teeth

[C] the use of false teeth

[D] the history of false teeth Passage Three

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第9题

Questionsare based on the following passage. When you think about the growth of human popu

Questionsare based on the following passage.

When you think about the growth of human population over the last century or so， it is alltoo easy to imagine it merely as an increase in the number of humans. But as we（36）， so doall the things associated with us，（37）our livestock （家畜）. At present， there are about 1.5 bil-lion cattle and domestic buffalo and about 1.7 billion sheep and goats. With pigs and poultry，they form. a（38）part of our enormous biological footprint upon this planet.

Just how enormous was not really apparent until the（39）of a new report， called "Live-stock"s Long Shadow，" by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations.

Consider these numbers. Global livestock grazing （放牧） and feed production use "30percent of the land surface of the planet." Livestock —— which consume more food thanthey（40）—— also compete directly with humans for water. And the drive to expand grazingland destroys more biologically sensitive terrain， rain forests（41）， than anything else.

But what is even more striking， and alarming， is that livestock are（42）for about 18 per-cent of the global warming effect， more than transportation"s（43）. The culprits （罪魁祸首）are methane —— the natural result of bovine digestion —— and the nitrogen emitted by manure.

Deforestation of grazing land adds to the effect.

There are no easy trade-offs when it comes to global warming —— such as cutting back oncattle to make room for cars. The human（44）for meat is certainly not about to end anytimesoon. As "Livestock"s Long Shadow" makes clear， our health and the health of the planet de-pend on pushing livestock production in more（45）directions.

A．publication

B．waste

C．contribution

D．certainly

E. yield

F. multiply

G. critical

H. passion

I . concerning

J . available

K. liable

L. sustainable

K. responsible

N. including

O.especially

第（36）题应填__________

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第10题

Now which are the animals really to be pitied in captivity？ First, those clever beings who

se lively urge for activity can find no outlet behind the bars of the cage. This is most conspicuous, even for the uninitiated, in the case of animals which, when living in a free state, are accustomed to roaming about widely. Owing to this frustrated desire, foxes and wolves housed, in many old fashioned zoos, in cages which are far too small, are among the most pitiable of all caged animals.

Though pinioned swans generally seem happy, under proper care, by hatching and rearing their young without any trouble, at migration time things become different: they repeatedly swim to the lee side of the pond, in order to have the whole extent of its surface at their disposal, trying to take off. Again and again the grand preparations end in a pathetic flutter of their half wings; a truly sorry picture!

This, however, rarely awakens the pity of the zoo visitor, least of all when such an originally highly intelligent and mentally alert animal has deteriorated, in confinement, into a crazy idiot, a very caricature of its former self. Sentimental old ladies, the fanatical sponsors of the societies for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, have no compunction in keeping a grey parrot in a relatively small cage or even chained to a perch. Together with the large corvines, the parrots are probably the only birds which suffer from that state of mind, common to prisoners, namely, boredom.

What is an "outlet" in the context of this passage？

A．An opportunity for expression.

B．A place to let.

C．A chance of escape into a wood.

D．An exit for a marketer.

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