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The Constitution of the United States is the oldest written constitution in the worl
d today.()
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更多“The Constitution of the United…”相关的问题
A.The Constitution Act in 1852
B.The Bill of Rights Act 1990
C.The Human Rights Act 1993
California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies. The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.
They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.
Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.
As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.
But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.
26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to
A.prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.
B.search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant.
C.check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.
D.prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.
The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one ofA.disapproval
B.indifference
C.tolerance
D.cautiousness
The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable toA.principles are hard to be clearly expressed
B.the court is giving police less room for action
C.citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected
D.phones are used to store sensitive information
Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate thatA.the Constitution should be implemented flexibly
B.new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution
C.California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.
D.principles of the Constitution should never be altered
The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable toA.getting into one’s residence
B.handling one’s historical records
C.scanning one’s correspondences
D.going through one’s wallet
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
In this country, there is far more to apprehend from Congress, than from the executive, as is seen in the following reasons: —Congress is composed of many, while the executive is one, bodies of men notoriously acting with less personal responsibilities than individuals; congress has power to enact laws, which it becomes the duty of the executive to see enforced, and the rally legislative authority of a country is always its greatest authority; from the decisions and constructions of the executive, the citizen can always appeal to the courts for protection, but no appeal can lie from the acts of congress, except on the grounds of unconstitutionality, the executive has direct personal responsibilities under the laws of the land, for any abuses of his authority, but the member of congress unless guilty of open corruption, is almost beyond personal liabilities.
It follows that the legislature of this country, by the intention of the constitution, wields the highest authority under the least responsibility, and that it is the power most to be distrusted. Still, all who possess trusts, are to be diligently watched, for there is no protection against abuses without responsibility, nor any real responsibility, without vigilance.
Political partisans, who are too apt to mistake the impulses of their own hostilities and friendships for truths, have laid down many false principles on the subject of the duties of the executive. When a law is passed, it goes to the executive for execution, through the executive agents, and, at need to the courts for interpretation. It would seem that there is no discretion vested in the executive concerning the constitutionality of a law. If he distrusts the constitutionality of any law, he can set forth his objections by resorting to the veto; but it is clearly the intention of the system that the whole legislative power, in the last resort, shall abide in congress, while it is necessary to the regular action of the government, that none of its agents, but those who are especially appointed for that purpose, shall pretend to interpret the constitution, in practice. The citizen is differently situated. If he conceives himself oppressed by an unconstitutional law, it is his inalienable privilege to raise the question before the courts, where a final interpretation can be had. By this interpretation the executive and all his agents are equally bound to abide. This obligation arises from the necessity of things, as well as from the nature of the institutions. There must be somewhere a power to decide on the constitutionality of laws, and this power is vested in the supreme court of the United States, on final appeal.
The author's purpose in writing this passage is to indicate ______.
A．the difference between kings and presidents
B．the power of the Supreme Court
C．the limitations of the presidency
D．the irresponsibility of Congress
Morocco invaded this comer of north-west Africa in 1975 when the old colonial power, Spain, was preparing to【25】out. The International Court of Justice ruled the Moroccan occupation【26】, and a nasty little war ensued between Morocco and an independence movement, the Polisario Front. They signed a【27】in 1991 ,and agreed to a vote on the future of the territory,【28】by the UN.
Instead of grinding【29】an appeals procedure, or declaring Morocco to be in【30】, the UN now appears to have decided to abandon the whole exercise. The result may be virtually to hand the country【31】to Morocco.
The new plan, drawn up by James Baker, a former American secretary of state,【32】that the agreed list of voters should elect an executive that will.【33】the country's internal affairs for the next four years.
【34】,this executive will be responsible to an assembly elected by all adults now living in the territory, most of【35】are pro--Moroccan. After four years the assembly will appoint a new executive. Morocco will also appoint the judges and be responsible for law and order during the transition.
(21)
A．attempt
B．effort
C．try
D．endeavor
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.
Everyone ___71___ of the President of the US ___72___ the most powerful man in ___73___. But when the representatives of the 13 former British colonies ___74___ to draw up the constitution of the new country ___75___ 1788, ___76___ of them were not sure whether they ___77___ to have a President at all. There were even ___78___ who ___79___ a king, ___80___ their successful war against the British king, George III. The decision was in doubt ___81___ the last moment. One group wanted ___82___ for life, while ___83___ suggested that ___84___ not be a President, because a Committee would govern the country better; a third group ___85___ a President ___86___ term of office would last seven years but who could not stand for reelection, because they were afraid he would spend his time ___87___ votes at the next election. In the end they chose George Washington as President for four years and let him ___88___ for reelection because they trusted him. But they were ___89___ to make rules in case a future President ___90___ badly and these rules were used to get rid of President Nixon two hundreds years later.
71. A) use to think B) think C) thinks D) uses to think
72. A) to be B) being C) like D) as
73. A) western world B) the western world C) accident D) the accident
74. A) found B) met C) encountered D) put together
75. A) at B) by C) on D) in
76. A) a number B) a great deal C) a large amount D) the most
77. A) should B) would C) needed D) must
78. A) few B) a few C) little D) a little
79. A) had preferred B) would have preferred
C) should have preferred D) were preferring
80. A) although B) however C) nevertheless D) in spite of
81. A) until B) as far as C) so far as D) by
82. A) that the President was elected
B) that the President would be elected
C) to elect the President
D) to be elected the President
83. A) another B) other C) the other D) some other
84. A) it should B) it would C) there should D) there would
85. A) would have liked B) would rather C) would like D) would be liking
86. A) that's B) whose C) which D) of which
87. A) looking for B) to look for C) to look at D) looking at
88. A) stand B) to stand C) be standing D) that he stood
89. A) so careful B) too careful C) careful enough D) enough careful
90. A) would carry B) carried C) would behave D) behaved
