All the photographs in this book, () stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.
A.unless
B.if
C.once
D.until
A.unless
B.if
C.once
D.until
A.gathered
B.flocked
C.crowded
D.swarmed
The text states all of the following about photographs EXCEPT:
A.They can display a cropped reality.
B.They can convey information.
C.They can depict the photographer's temperament.
D.They can change the viewer's sensibilities.
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were【S1】______. The study of how genes and environment interact to influence【S2】______activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important【S3】______to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.Any research that suggests that【S4】______to perform. certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can【S5】______based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how【S6】______they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the【S7】______to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育) , by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science【S8】______that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born【S9】______like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it【S10】______appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.
A) abilities I) extent
B) achieve J) indicates
C) appeal K) proceeds
D) complaints L) psychological
E) contributions M) raised
F) displayed N) smart
G) essentially O) standard H) eventually
【S1】
【S2】
【S3】
【S4】
【S5】
【S6】
【S7】
【S8】
【S9】
【S10】
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析,谢谢!
A.Sightseeing.
B.Taking photographs of the beaches.
C.Lying on the beach.
D.Deep water diving.
We'll be surprised to see others ().
A.in an ordinary mirror
B.in a True Mirror
C.in person
D.in photographs
A.collection of bird fossils from Australia
B.Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits
C.Some ancient wall paintings from Australia
D.Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest
A.People still talk a lot about it.
B.Fewer people watched Susan's programme from then on.
C.Anna's photographs appeared frequently in newspapers.
D.The number of viewers of her programme that day increased by millions.
Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.
Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state. Consider Darwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions.' Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger?
Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial- feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.
What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses). The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.
Ekman's observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as
A.curious
B.unhappy
C.thoughtful
D.uncertain
A.all in all
B.at all
C.after all
D.above all
I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and () in a quiet neighborhood.
A.all in all
B.above all
C.after all
D.over all